Module 7: Heat and Temperature
CC7.1 Solve problems involving heat and temperature
A ★ indicates that this page contains content related to that LO.
★ LO7.1.1: Perform unit conversions between kelvin, degrees Celsius, and degrees Fahrenheit
★ LO7.1.2 Investigate the meaning of thermal equilibrium
★ LO7.1.3 Compute the expansion of heated or cooled objects
LO7.1.4 Compare and contrast the different states of matter
LO7.1.5 Practice using the ideal gas law to find the state of an ideal gas
LO7.1.6 Differentiate between thermal energy, temperature, and heat
LO7.1.7 Solve problems involving heat transfer, specific heat, and latent heat
LO7.1.8 Create machine diagrams and perform calculations from them
Read Chapter 4 of Physical Science, 13th edition by Bill Tillery McGraw Hill Education
Time: 4:36
Topics: temperature and thermal energy, temperature scales, conversions between scales, heat flow from warmer material to colder material if they come into thermal contact with each other (thermal equilibrium), 0th Law of Thermodynamics (explains in thermometers, thermal expansion (includes equation and application), water has a negative thermal expansion for temperatures less that 3.984℃ (ice expands compared to liquid water).
ASL version of Temperature and Thermal Energy
Direct link to the non-ASL video
PROMT What substance is degrees Celsius based on as far as 0℃ and 100℃
Scaffolding for LO7.1.1 Perform unit conversions between kelvin, degrees Celsius, and degrees Fahrenheit
Answer
Water. The freezing point of water is the basis for 0℃. The boiling point of water is 100℃.
PROMT What substance is degrees Fahrenheit based on as far as 32℉ and 212℉
Scaffolding for LO7.1.1 Perform unit conversions between kelvin, degrees Celsius, and degrees Fahrenheit
Answer
Water. Originally the scale was set to the freezing point of brine (salt water) and normal body temperature. However, over time, the scale was recalibrated to water and then 32℉ became the significant temperature to remember for the freezing point of water and the boiling point of water is 212℉.
PROMT What is 0 K (zero kelvin) based on?
Scaffolding for LO7.1.1 Perform unit conversions between kelvin, degrees Celsius, and degrees Fahrenheit
Answer
Kelvin is based on the idea that temperature/heat is related to how active atom movement will be. The theoretical idea is that all movement of atoms stop when there is no heat. Lab results of different substances freezing and boiling points with the line extended plotted on a graph all looked like they would eventually converge to all cross at the same point. This is what established what 0 degrees Kelvin (K) is set to.
PROMT Out of the three scales: Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin, which one is the SI unit for temperature?
Answer
Kelvin
PROMT How do you correctly write the temperature in each system?
Answer
Do not write a degree symbol with Kelvin nor say degrees kelvin.
Always use an uppercase K when using it as the SI symbol. All SI symbols are to be capitalized.
How to produce the degree symbol on a Mac, PC, and smart device.
Though LO7.1.1 does not specify it, you are expected to include in your description the computational aspects of Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin. This section will help you to prepare for this and to understand what computational facts you should include.
Print off these equation sheets to help you complete the mastery assessments.
PROMT What is the equation to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit?
Scaffolding for the computational elements of LO7.1.1 Perform unit conversions between kelvin, degrees Celsius, and degrees Fahrenheit
Answer
This equation is very straightforward to work with as far as your calculator goes. You can enter it as you see it right into your calculator.
Nearly all of the math formulas related to temperature in physics will have either Celsius or Kelvin variables. All labs done are typically done using lab gear that reads in Celsius. This makes formulas converting between Celsius and Kelvin that far more useful equations. However, at least in this module, we want to be sure you can do conversions with Fahrenheit, so it is still important to either memorize this formula or derive it algebraically from the Fahrenheit to Celsius formula.